"Although many totalitarian regimes toyed with architecture, the architecture of the Stalinist era was not just a plaything of the government. It was not a strange accident of history, but rather a phenomenon of great art with successes and failures, glory and shame." ~Alexi Trakhanov and Sergei Kavtaradze
'Stalinist Architecture' is the term typically applied to the years between 1933 (the date of the final competition to design the Palace of the Soviets) and 1955 (The Academy of Architecture was abolished). In the 1930's and 1940's architecture represents a return to conservatism. Such an approach was not occurring solely under Stalin in Russia. In Germany, under Hitler, architecture had taken a similar turn.
As a leader, Stalin created and sustained a a system of repression. Every element of society was under control of the state. Architects ( though not as dramatically as artists and writers) were subjected to such control. Stalin created an intense construction program. To implement his plans, Stalin used prisoners for labor. Because he had total control, many of Stalin's personal tastes became the law. This is evident in may surviving architectural plans. Stalin selected his architects. The architects were considered to be among the elite of society. They lived in lavishly furnished apartment, and built priceless personal libraries, all during a time of poverty and suffering throughout Russia. It was Stalin's goal to "wipe clean the slate of the past...and rebuild the world from top to bottom."
Architecture under Stalin reflected several different styles including Neo- Renaissance, classicism, and constructivism. Modernism had been defeated. In keeping with Stalin's total control, and personal taste, Stalin formed a building committee comprised of many of his closest collaborators. As Stalin implemented collectivism, he realized it was necessary to build up the cities. In doing so, he desired to make cities made of "super buildings".
On April 23, 1932, the Communist Party Central Committee passed the resolution "on Structural Changes in the Literary and Artistic organizations". The resolution outlawed all independent organization. The formerly independent organizations were forced to form unions where the party could decide was was "fruitful, creative and correct". It was a difficult time for architects because their guidelines were not as clear as those for writers and artists. By July of 1932, all independent organizations were abolished and replaced with the Union of Soviet Architects. On October 14, 1933 the Russian Academy of Architecture was founded.
By the completion of the Komsomolskaya Koltsevaya in 1952, the influence of Stalin was no longer dominant. Following his death, The Academy of Architecture was abolished in 1955. This closed the period typically regarded as the time of "Stalinist Architecture". http://www.nyc-architecture.com/SCC/SCC030a.htm<
Why did Sarah Palin say New Yorkers are "rebuilding America?" Did she "rebuild" Wasilla?
"Every American student needs to come through this area so that, especially this younger generation of Americans is, to be in a position of never forgetting what happened here and never repeating, never allowing a repeat of what happened here. I wish every American would come through here. I wish every world leader would come through here, and understand what it is that took place here and more importantly how America came together and united to commit to never allowing this to happen again. And just to hear and from and see these good New Yorkers who are rebuilding not just this are but helping to rebuild America has been very, very inspiring and encouraging. These are the good Americans who are committed to peace and security and its been an absolute honor getting to meet these folks today." (Sarah Palin talking to reporters at the WTC memorial in NYC, reported by the Boston Globe/AP)
What is the 49th Military Police Brigade? (In 2004, the Alaska State Defense Force changed its name)
"AS 26.05.070:
. . . Whenever any portion of the militia is ordered into active service by the governor, it becomes an additional police force, retaining its separate entity and operating at all times as a military organization under military command, with power to cooperate with but not to supersede the existing civilian law enforcement officers whenever possible, for the re-establishment of law and order and for the protection of life and property. The governor may also order members of the organized militia to active state service, with their consent, for the purpose of training or for full-time duty with the office of the adjutant general."http://www.ak-prepared.com/asdf/
Is rebuilding America connected to measures taken across America to ensure "peace and security" in programs such as LA-21, COPS, or assigning battle weary troops fresh out of Iraq to help control civilians in domestic crises?
Why are Alaska Army National Guard units being trained in UN's cordon and search procedures? Why is the state of Alaska National Guard studying "peacekeeping" in a partnership with Monogolians? When Sarah Palin says she commands the Alaska National Guard does she mean that she is the one sending them to these UN international policykeeping seminars? (And thanks to this link I just found out that under AK Statute both Nordica and I are required by law to be members of the state militia. We agree with that, as citizens it is our duty to defend our homeland, but does that also place our services under the UN or Etzioni's buddies in COPS?)
http://www.ak-prepared.com/dmva/Press_Releases/2008/08_September/cordon%20and%20search%20lane%20FINAL.pdf
What is the United States Institute for Peace and who pushed it through the US Congress? (Bush talked about it in his 2004 speech before the UN http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/sep/21/iraq.usa3)
"Its goals are to help prevent and resolve violent international conflicts, promote post-conflict stability and development, and increase conflict management capacity, tools, and intellectual capital worldwide. The Institute does this by empowering others with knowledge, skills, and resources, as well as by directly engaging in peacebuilding efforts around the globe." http://www.usip.org/pubs/usipeace_briefings/2004/1021_nbgpoi.html
What kinds of peace can we expect from Mongolians and other neo-police-soldiers?
"Taken from 'Lesser known Facts of WW2'
RAPE IN WAR
The rape of Jewish women by Nazi forces is well documented. After the attack on Poland in September,1939, mass rape of Jewish women was an everyday occurrence. In Warsaw, forty women were taken from the ghetto to a party in the officers mess and forced to drink, strip and dance with German officers after which they were raped repeatedly before being sent back to the ghetto. In the concentration camps, Jewish women were raped by their guards. This of course contravened the Nazi race laws that prohibited sexual relations between 'Aryans' and Jews. At the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials evidence was presented that hundreds of Russian women were raped. Many French women, especially those in the resistance, were brutally raped during the occupation. Not only German soldiers but British and American fighting men did their fair share of raping.
During the occupation of Japan, Japanese women were subjected to mass rape by the soldiers of the occupation forces starting on the first day, August 21, 1945. Over a period of ten days, 1,336 cases of rape were reported. In one instance a woman was raped by twenty-seven US soldiers. In Hiroshima, occupied by the British and Commonwealth Forces, many Japanese women were raped. One young woman was raped by twenty Australian soldiers. On August 21, 1945, Japanese authorities decided to set up a Recreation and Amusement Association (RAA) for the benefit of Allied occupation troops in an attempt to cut down the instances of rape. At its peak, around 20,000 prostitutes worked for the RAA. On September 20, 1945, the first brothel for the 350,000 US troops in Japan was opened. It was called 'Babe Garden'. It was closed down on March 27, 1946 to stop the spread of VD. Unfortunately these brothels did little to minimize the incidence of rape during the first year of the occupation.
SOVIET RAPES IN BERLIN: UNKNOWN TOTAL
The official figures for Berlin rapes by Soviet {and Mongolian}troops does exist but has never been published. However, Berlin’s former mayor, Ernst Reuter, said that the figure given him was 90,000. In 1945, Berlin had a population of some 2,700,000 of which about 2,000,000 were women. Many rapes of course were never reported and the figure of 90,000 includes only hospitalized cases and doctors reports. Some 10,000 women in Berlin died as a result of rape, many by suicide. The death rate was thought to have been much higher among the 1.4 million estimated victims in East Prussia, Silesia and Pomerania. Doctors were besieged by women seeking information on the best way to commit suicide. A charity institution, orphanage and maternity hospital, 'Haus Dehlem' was forcibly entered by second line Russian troops and pregnant women and women who had just given birth were repeatedly raped. In the Soviet Zone of Germany nearly 90% of females ages between 10 and 80 were raped in what undoubtedly was the largest case of mass rape in history. This included women expelled from the eastern provinces. Among the rape victims were many women who became prominent figures in post-war Germany. Hannelore Kohl, wife of former Chancellor Helmut Kohl was raped when twelve years old, along with her mother while they tried to escape from Berlin on a train heading for Dresden. Hannelore Kohl committed suicide in 2001.
Most German children born in Berlin in 1946 were the result of rape. Women and young girls were forcibly dragged from their homes and raped, the drunken Soviet Mongolian soldiers queuing up to await their turn. For two whole weeks these mass rapes of women continued. Some Jewish women, thinking that their nationality would save them, showed their identity cards to the rapists but there was little use in relying on these identy cards because few of them could even read. Marshal Zhukov issued orders that any soldier caught in the act of rape after the two week period was up, was to be shot on the spot. Many a Russian soldier met his end this way. No US soldier was ever executed for rape in Germany. As one GI wrote 'Many a sane American family would recoil in horror if they knew how 'our boys' over here conduct themselves'. The psychological effects on many of these rape victims were devastating, future relationships with men became extremely difficult for the rest of their lives. (Between 1942 and 1945, a total of 2,420 rapes were reported in England, 3,620 in France and more than 11,040 in Germany by the occupying troops.) It is estimated that around two million German women had undergone an illegal abortion in the three years after the war ended."
How did the Soviets rebuild Berlin again?
"The real victims of the Reich in April 1945 were the German people and, especially, the women. Readers will need a strong stomach to deal with the litany of atrocities. The Red Army, crazy for revenge and drowning in alcohol, cut loose in an orgy of rape. The ravages of Atilla and the conquests of the Mongols cannot hold a candle to it. Beginning in East Prussia in January 1945, reaching a crescendo in the two-week battle for Berlin and continuing after the end of hostilities, rape ran at epidemic levels.
"The Red Army's officers had neither the will nor inclination to stop it. During the battle, 130,000 women were raped, 10 per cent of whom committed suicide. In the 1945 campaign in Germany, Beevor establishes, with unimpeachable scholarship, that at least two million women were ravished, many in gang rapes. Soviet soldiers violated all in their path, not just young German girls but women in their 70s, and even Russian prisoners. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/berlin-the-downfall-1945-by-antony-beevor-650309.html
What did communitarian guru Amitai Etzioni mean when he wrote his book: An Immodest Agenda: Rebuilding America Before the 21st Century. New York: McGraw-Hill Co., 1983 ISBN 0070197237
What does UN global peacemaker Dennis Kuchinich mean by Rebuild America?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGl8HnH29MU
Why did President Bush include "rebuilding our communities" in his State of the Union Address on Jan 29, 2002:
"My call tonight is for every American to commit at least two years -- 4,000 hours over the rest of your lifetime -- to the service of your neighbors and your nation. (Applause.) Many are already serving, and I thank you. If you aren't sure how to help, I've got a good place to start. To sustain and extend the best that has emerged in America, I invite you to join the new USA Freedom Corps. The Freedom Corps will focus on three areas of need: responding in case of crisis at home; rebuilding our communities; and extending American compassion throughout the world.
"One purpose of the USA Freedom Corps will be homeland security. America needs retired doctors and nurses who can be mobilized in major emergencies; volunteers to help police and fire departments; transportation and utility workers well-trained in spotting danger.
"Our country also needs citizens working to rebuild our communities. We need mentors to love children, especially children whose parents are in prison. And we need more talented teachers in troubled schools. USA Freedom Corps will expand and improve the good efforts of AmeriCorps and Senior Corps to recruit more than 200,000 new volunteers.
"And America needs citizens to extend the compassion of our country to every part of the world. So we will renew the promise of the Peace Corps, double its volunteers over the next five years -- (applause) -- and ask it to join a new effort to encourage development and education and opportunity in the Islamic world. (Applause.)
"This time of adversity offers a unique moment of opportunity -- a moment we must seize to change our culture. Through the gathering momentum of millions of acts of service and decency and kindness, I know we can overcome evil with greater good. (Applause.) And we have a great opportunity during this time of war to lead the world toward the values that will bring lasting peace." http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020129-11.html
What role did Special Agent Amitai Etzioni play in creating Bush's USA Freedom Corps and its Universities Rebuilding America Partnership (URAP) http://www.usafreedomcorps.gov/about_usafc/special/hurricane_urap.asp
Why doesn't Etzioni's wiki page include his career as an Israeli terrorist against the British and a soldier in the Arab Wars prior to his mystical cabballa and Hegelian studies under Martin Buber? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amitai_Etzioni
Why is Rebuilding America a goal of both major parties?
"To mark the seventh anniversary of 9/11, John McCain and Barack Obama recently spoke in glowing terms of national service at a forum hosted by Columbia University. Both men expressed support for increased governmental spending, with McCain promising that, as president, he would sign into law the Kennedy-Hatch "Serve America Act," which would, among other things, triple the size of the AmeriCorps. (Of course, McCain had just come from a Republican convention that had again and again mocked Obama's time as a "community organizer" and, even at Columbia, he expressed a preference for faith-based organizations and the private sector over service programs run by the government.) Obama has made national service a pillar of his campaign, promising to spend $3.5 billion annually to more than triple the size of AmeriCorps, while also doubling the size of the Peace Corps." http://www.motherjones.com/commentary/tomdispatch/2008/09/rebuilding-america-remaking-ourselves.html
What is Obama's plan for National Service? http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/07/02/obama.service/
Even Hillary Clinton had a Rebuild America plan: http://www.hillaryclinton.com/news/release/view/?id=2760
Is the goal of UN Local Agenda 21 to rebuild the world?
http://www.un.org/events/wssd/statements/miE.htm
Is Rebuilding Iraq connected to Rebuilding America?
https://www.rebuilding-iraq.net/portal/page?_pageid=95,1&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
Some think it's directly connected to Rebuilding Alaska Airlines and a "Just Third Way" http://cog.kent.edu/archives/monetaryreform/msg00466.html
hmm. Rebuilding the moose population in my neighborhood means killing off the wolves.
http://www.adfg.state.ak.us/news/2003/11-04-03nr.php
1 comment:
I've been reading the Union Jack. It is a mind ripping torrent of information.
Rebuilding America. If we use Orwell's logic, that means "Permenent Destruction of America". Nuff Said.
If War is Peace and Freedom is Slavery, it is not hard to figure that Rebuilding is Tearing Down.
The concept of the "Fundamentalist Christian" presented as the spiritual communist in the Union Jack text is unimpeachable. I almost forgot that the kingdom of God is a spirtual kingdom that resides inside each one of us. Remembering the truth makes me feel less tired.
I'll write more soon!
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